- Industri: Earth science
- Number of terms: 93452
- Number of blossaries: 0
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Founded in 1941, the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) is an international association representing the interests of professionals in surveying, mapping and communicating spatial data relating to the Earth's surface. Today, ACSM's members include more than 7,000 surveyors, ...
The limits of inland waters in the vicinity of islands. This term is used to distinguish this kind of coastline from a physical coastline.
Industry:Earth science
(1) A compass whose principal component is a gyroscope suspended so that its axis of rotation points to astronomic north. Gravitational torque and the Earth's rotation combine to make the gyroscope's axis of rotation precess and trace out an elliptical cone if motion is not constrained. A dampening force is therefore imposed on the precessing motion to make the axis move along a surface that spirals inward and ends at north. At high latitudes, gyroscopic compasses become undependable.
Industry:Earth science
The angular difference between the direction indicated by a compass and the corresponding, true direction. Compass error includes the effect of declination of the compass.
Industry:Earth science
The procedure, when measuring horizontal distances on sloping ground, of holding only short lengths of tape horizontal and marking the end points of the length by placing taping pins beneath them in the ground. The tape is usually extended to its full length from the starting mark and successive, partial lengths held horizontal.
Industry:Earth science
The period from midnight to midnight. It is 24 hours of mean solar time long and coincides with the civil day unless a change in time occurs during the day.
Industry:Earth science
A set of four rods, each composed of one iron rod 2 toises (about 3. 898 meters) long on which is laid a zinc rod of the same length but half the width. The zinc and iron rods are fastened together at one end only. Base lines were measured by placing the iron rods end to end. The gaps between ends of the zinc rods were measured to determine corrections for thermal expansion. Some of the most important base lines in European triangulation were measured with this apparatus.
Industry:Earth science
Assets accumulated through joint efforts of husband and wife living together. Community property is equally owned by the husband and wife. It does not have a legal existence in some states.
Industry:Earth science
The category into which a trilateration or trilateration network is placed is the same as the category of the horizontal control established by or contained in that trilateration or trilateration network. Criteria for trilateration were first published in 1974, and trilateration was therefore not included in earlier classifications.
Industry:Earth science
Measuring the last of a series of horizontal angles, at a station, such that the sum of the series is a multiple of 360<sup>o</sup>. At any station, the sum of all horizontal angles between adjacent lines should equal 360<sup>o</sup> (400g). The amount by which the sum of the observed angles fails to equal 360<sup>o</sup> is the misclosure. This is distributed as a correction among the observed angles to bring their sum to exactly 360<sup>o</sup>.
Industry:Earth science
